Comparative Review on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Normal Gestational Female

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) incidence is rising in developing countries. It is associated with varied fetal and maternal morbidities. Normal pregnancy is also associated with insulin resistance in later half of pregnancy, which along with other pathogenic mechanism like decreased β cell response is associated with GDM. Glucose tolerance test is used to diagnose GDM but there is controversy in cut-off values in different group. As HAPO (Hyperglycemia associated Pregnancy outcome) trial results are showing fetal and maternal morbidities associated with maternal hyperglycemia, there is a need of early diagnosis of GDM and proper management using appropriate diagnostic cut-off.